Researchers from the Argonne National Laboratory have developed a new dual-gradient structure for cathodes that promises to significantly enhance the performance of lithium-ion batteries while reducing costs. This could potentially accelerate the adoption of electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
This innovation builds upon a previous breakthrough from Argonne National Laboratory in 2012, when scientists created a composition-gradient cathode that improved energy density and longevity.
“The team adjusted the composition of nickel, manganese, and cobalt in the cathode particles to optimally utilize the beneficial characteristics of these metals,” the press release states.
The new dual-gradient structure refines the existing technology by incorporating structural gradients alongside composition gradients. This unique configuration offers several advantages. The disordered surface enhances stability and prevents crack formation, which is a common issue encountered with high-voltage batteries. At the same time, the ordered core ensures efficient lithium-ion transfer, crucial for fast charging and discharging.
To validate the effectiveness of this new cathode, the research team conducted a comprehensive series of tests. The trials confirmed the superior performance of the dual-gradient cathode, with particles demonstrating exceptional structural and chemical stability under high voltage conditions.
“After charging and discharging the material 500 times, it lost only about 2% of its capacity,” the press release claims.
Additionally, the new design significantly reduces the amount of cobalt needed, a resource that is both scarce and expensive. By concentrating most of the cobalt on the surface of the particles, researchers were able to sharply decrease the total cobalt content in the cathode.
The concentration of cobalt within the particle was less than 2%—compared to 10-20% in the original design, researchers emphasized. They plan to lower the cobalt level even further—to 1%.
“This helps us make batteries much more environmentally friendly,” researchers note.
Furthermore, the new cathode design also shows improved thermal stability, which is critical for ensuring safety during high-voltage operation.
The Argonne National Laboratory has patented this innovative design and manufacturing process. The next step is for the battery manufacturing industry to license the technology.
Source: interestingengineering
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